WIP fs impl

data/OpenOS/lib/core/boot.lua

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ local function dofile(file)
   status("> " .. file)
   local program, reason = raw_loadfile(file)
   if program then
-    local result = table.pack(pcall(program))
+    local result = table.pack(xpcall(program, debug.traceback))
     if result[1] then
       return table.unpack(result, 2, result.n)
     else

rewrite/luaarch.c

@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ void *luaArch_alloc(void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	if(ptr == NULL) {
-		if(arch->freeMem < nsize) return NULL;
+		//if(arch->freeMem < nsize) return NULL;
 		void *mem = malloc(nsize);
 		if(mem == NULL) return NULL;
 		arch->freeMem -= nsize;
 		return mem;
 	}
-	if(arch->freeMem + osize < nsize) return NULL;
+	//if(arch->freeMem + osize < nsize) return NULL;
 	void *mem = realloc(ptr, nsize);
 	if(mem == NULL) return NULL;
 	arch->freeMem += osize;
@@ -101,6 +101,19 @@ static void luaArch_nnToLua(luaArch *arch, size_t nnIdx) {
 		lua_pushboolean(L, nn_toboolean(C, nnIdx));
 		return;
 	}
+	if(nn_istable(C, nnIdx)) {
+		size_t start = nn_getstacksize(C);
+		size_t len;
+		nn_dumptable(C, nnIdx, &len);
+		lua_createtable(L, 0, len);
+		for(size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+			luaArch_nnToLua(arch, start + i * 2);
+			luaArch_nnToLua(arch, start + i * 2 + 1);
+			lua_settable(L, -3);
+		}
+		nn_popn(C, len * 2);
+		return;
+	}
 
 	luaL_error(L, "bad NN value: %s", nn_typenameof(C, nnIdx));
 }
@@ -214,6 +227,12 @@ static int luaArch_computer_shutdown(lua_State *L) {
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int luaArch_computer_isOverused(lua_State *L) {
+	nn_Computer *c = luaArch_from(L)->computer;
+	lua_pushboolean(L, nn_componentsOverused(c));
+	return 1;
+}
+
 static int luaArch_component_list(lua_State *L) {
 	luaArch *arch = luaArch_from(L);
 	lua_createtable(L, 64, 0);
@@ -385,6 +404,8 @@ static void luaArch_loadEnv(lua_State *L) {
 	lua_setfield(L, computer, "setArchitecture");
 	lua_pushcfunction(L, luaArch_computer_shutdown);
 	lua_setfield(L, computer, "shutdown");
+	lua_pushcfunction(L, luaArch_computer_isOverused);
+	lua_setfield(L, computer, "isOverused");
 	lua_setglobal(L, "computer");
 	lua_createtable(L, 0, 10);
 	int component = lua_gettop(L);

rewrite/machine.lua

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ function coroutine.resume(co, ...)
 	end
 end
 
-local clist = component.list
+local clist, cinvoke, computer, component, print = component.list, component.invoke, computer, component, print
+debug.print = print
 
 function component.list(ctype, exact)
 	local list = clist()
@@ -41,10 +42,26 @@ function component.list(ctype, exact)
 		end
 	end
 
-	setmetatable(desired, {__call = next})
+	local key = nil
+	setmetatable(desired, {__call = function()
+		local val
+		key, val = next(desired, key)
+		return key, val
+	end})
 	return desired
 end
 
+function component.invoke(address, method, ...)
+	local t = {pcall(cinvoke, address, method, ...)}
+	if computer.energy() <= 0 then sysyield() end -- out of power
+	if computer.isOverused() then sysyield() end -- overused
+
+	if t[1] then
+		return table.unpack(t, 2)
+	end
+	return nil, t[2]
+end
+
 local componentCallback = {
 	__call = function(self, ...)
 		return component.invoke(self.address, self.name, ...)
@@ -126,6 +143,35 @@ function computer.setArchitecture(arch)
 	return ok, err
 end
 
+function checkArg(arg, val, ...)
+	local t = {...}
+	for i=1,#t do
+		if type(val) == t[i] then return end
+	end
+	error("bad argument #" .. arg .. " (" .. table.concat(t, ", ") .. ") expected", 2)
+end
+
+-- HORRENDOUS approximation
+unicode = string
+
+if os.getenv("NN_REPL") == "1" then
+	while true do
+		io.write("lua> ")
+		io.flush()
+		local l = io.read("l")
+		if not l then break end
+		local f, err = load("return " .. l, "=repl")
+		if f then
+			print(f())
+		else
+			f, err = load(l, "=repl")
+			if f then f() else print(err) end
+		end
+	end
+	io.write("\n")
+	print("exiting repl")
+end
+
 local eeprom = component.list("eeprom", true)()
 assert(eeprom, "missing firmware")
 

rewrite/main.c

@@ -4,11 +4,44 @@
 // Error handling has been omitted in most places.
 
 #include "neonucleus.h"
+#include <errno.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
 nn_Architecture getLuaArch();
 
+#if defined(NN_WINDOWS)
+	#define NE_PATHSEP '\\'
+	#include <windows.h>
+	#error "Windows is not supported yet"
+#elif defined(NN_POSIX)
+	#define NE_PATHSEP '/'
+	#include <dirent.h>
+	#include <unistd.h>
+
+	typedef DIR ne_dir;
+
+	ne_dir *ne_opendir(const char *path) {
+		return opendir(path);
+	}
+
+	void ne_closedir(ne_dir *dir) {
+		closedir(dir);
+	}
+
+	bool ne_readdir(ne_dir *dir, char path[NN_MAX_PATH]) {
+		struct dirent *ent = readdir(dir);
+		if(ent == NULL) return true;
+		strncpy(path, ent->d_name, NN_MAX_PATH-1);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	bool ne_exists(const char *path) {
+		return access(path, F_OK) == 0;
+	}
+#endif
+
 static const char minBIOS[] = {
 #embed "minBIOS.lua"
 ,'\0'
@@ -38,6 +71,161 @@ static nn_Exit sandbox_handler(nn_ComponentRequest *req) {
 	return NN_OK;
 }
 
+typedef struct ne_FsState {
+	char path[NN_MAX_PATH];
+	bool isReadonly;
+	FILE *files[NN_MAX_OPENFILES];
+	ne_dir *dir;
+} ne_FsState;
+
+void ne_fsState_truepath(ne_FsState *state, char truepath[NN_MAX_PATH], const char *path) {
+	snprintf(truepath, sizeof(char) * NN_MAX_PATH, "%s%c%s", state->path, NE_PATHSEP, path);
+	for(size_t i = 0; truepath[i] != 0; i++) {
+		if(truepath[i] == '/') truepath[i] = NE_PATHSEP;
+	}
+}
+
+nn_Exit ne_fsState_handler(nn_FilesystemRequest *req) {
+	nn_Computer *C = req->computer;
+	ne_FsState *state = req->instance;
+	FILE *f;
+	char truepath[NN_MAX_PATH];
+
+	switch(req->action) {
+	case NN_FS_DROP:
+		for(size_t i = 0; i < NN_MAX_OPENFILES; i++) {
+			if(state->files[i] != NULL) fclose(state->files[i]);
+		}
+		if(state->dir != NULL) {
+			ne_closedir(state->dir);
+		}
+		free(state);
+		return NN_OK;
+	case NN_FS_SPACEUSED:
+		req->size = 0;
+		return NN_OK;
+	case NN_FS_GETLABEL:
+		req->strarg1 = NULL;
+		return NN_OK;
+	case NN_FS_SETLABEL:
+		req->strarg1 = NULL;
+		return NN_OK;
+	case NN_FS_OPEN:;
+		req->fd = NN_MAX_OPENFILES;
+
+		for(size_t i = 0; i < NN_MAX_OPENFILES; i++) {
+			if(state->files[i] == NULL) {
+				req->fd = i;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if(req->fd == NN_MAX_OPENFILES) {
+			nn_setError(C, "too many open handles");
+			return NN_EBADCALL;
+		}
+
+		const char *path = req->strarg1;
+		const char *mode = req->strarg2;
+		switch(mode[0]) {
+			case 'r':
+				mode = "rb";
+			case 'w':
+				mode = "wb";
+			case 'a':
+				mode = "ab";
+			default:
+				mode = "rb";
+		}
+		ne_fsState_truepath(state, truepath, path);
+
+		f = fopen(truepath, mode);
+		if(f == NULL) {
+			nn_setError(C, strerror(errno));
+			return NN_EBADCALL;
+		}
+		state->files[req->fd] = f;
+		return NN_OK;
+	case NN_FS_CLOSE:
+		if(req->fd < 0 || req->fd >= NN_MAX_OPENFILES) {
+			nn_setError(C, "bad file descriptor");
+			return NN_EBADCALL;
+		}
+		f = state->files[req->fd];
+		if(f == NULL) {
+			nn_setError(C, "bad file descriptor");
+			return NN_EBADCALL;
+		}
+		fclose(f);
+		state->files[req->fd] = NULL;
+		return NN_OK;
+	case NN_FS_READ:
+		if(req->fd < 0 || req->fd >= NN_MAX_OPENFILES) {
+			nn_setError(C, "bad file descriptor");
+			return NN_EBADCALL;
+		}
+		f = state->files[req->fd];
+		if(f == NULL) {
+			nn_setError(C, "bad file descriptor");
+			return NN_EBADCALL;
+		}
+		if(feof(f)) {
+			req->strarg1 = NULL;
+		} else {
+			req->strarg1len = fread(req->strarg1, sizeof(char), req->strarg1len, f);
+		}
+		return NN_OK;
+	case NN_FS_WRITE:
+		if(req->fd < 0 || req->fd >= NN_MAX_OPENFILES) {
+			nn_setError(C, "bad file descriptor");
+			return NN_EBADCALL;
+		}
+		f = state->files[req->fd];
+		if(f == NULL) {
+			nn_setError(C, "bad file descriptor");
+			return NN_EBADCALL;
+		}
+		fwrite(req->strarg1, sizeof(char), req->strarg1len, f);
+		return NN_OK;
+	case NN_FS_OPENDIR:
+		ne_fsState_truepath(state, truepath, req->strarg1);
+		state->dir = ne_opendir(truepath);
+		if(state->dir == NULL) {
+			nn_setError(C, strerror(errno));
+			return NN_EBADCALL;
+		}
+		return NN_OK;
+	case NN_FS_READDIR:;
+		char ent[NN_MAX_PATH];
+		if(ne_readdir(state->dir, ent)) {
+			req->strarg1 = NULL;
+			return NN_OK;
+		}
+		strcpy(req->strarg1, ent);
+		req->strarg1len = strlen(ent);
+		return NN_OK;
+	case NN_FS_CLOSEDIR:
+		ne_closedir(state->dir);
+		state->dir = NULL;
+		return NN_OK;
+	case NN_FS_EXISTS:
+		ne_fsState_truepath(state, truepath, req->strarg1);
+		req->size = ne_exists(truepath) ? 1 : 0;
+		return NN_OK;
+	}
+	return NN_OK;
+}
+
+ne_FsState *ne_newFS(const char *path, bool readonly) {
+	ne_FsState *fs = malloc(sizeof(*fs));
+	for(size_t i = 0; i < NN_MAX_OPENFILES; i++) {
+		fs->files[i] = NULL;
+	}
+	sprintf(fs->path, "data%c%s", NE_PATHSEP, path);
+	fs->isReadonly = readonly;
+	return fs;
+}
+
 int main() {
 	nn_Context ctx;
 	nn_initContext(&ctx);
@@ -53,19 +241,6 @@ int main() {
 	};
 	nn_ComponentType *ctype = nn_createComponentType(u, "sandbox", NULL, sandboxMethods, sandbox_handler);
 
-	nn_EEPROM eeprom = {
-		.size = 4 * NN_KiB,
-		.dataSize = NN_KiB,
-		.readCallCost = 1,
-		.readEnergyCost = 0,
-		.readDataCallCost = 1,
-		.readDataEnergyCost = 0,
-		.writeCallCost = 1,
-		.writeEnergyCost = 0,
-		.writeDataCallCost = 1,
-		.writeDataEnergyCost = 0,
-		.handler = NULL,
-	};
 	nn_VEEPROM veeprom = {
 		.code = minBIOS,
 		.codelen = strlen(minBIOS),
@@ -77,7 +252,12 @@ int main() {
 		.isReadonly = false,
 	};
 
-	nn_ComponentType *etype = nn_createVEEPROM(u, &eeprom, &veeprom);
+	nn_ComponentType *etype = nn_createVEEPROM(u, &nn_defaultEEPROM, &veeprom);
+	nn_ComponentType *fstype[5];
+	fstype[0] = nn_createFilesystem(u, &nn_defaultFloppy, ne_fsState_handler, NULL);
+	for(size_t i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
+		fstype[i] = nn_createFilesystem(u, &nn_defaultFilesystems[i-1], ne_fsState_handler, NULL);
+	}
 
 	nn_Computer *c = nn_createComputer(u, NULL, "computer0", 8 * NN_MiB, 256, 256);
 	
@@ -87,9 +267,12 @@ int main() {
 	nn_addComponent(c, ctype, "sandbox", -1, NULL);
 	nn_addComponent(c, etype, "eeprom", 0, etype);
 
+	ne_FsState *mainFS = ne_newFS("OpenOS", false);
+	nn_addComponent(c, fstype[1], "mainFS", 2, mainFS);
+	
 	while(true) {
 		nn_Exit e = nn_tick(c);
-		if(e != NN_OK && e != NN_EBUSY) {
+		if(e != NN_OK) {
 			nn_setErrorFromExit(c, e);
 			printf("error: %s\n", nn_getError(c));
 			goto cleanup;
@@ -120,6 +303,7 @@ cleanup:;
 	nn_destroyComputer(c);
 	nn_destroyComponentType(ctype);
 	nn_destroyComponentType(etype);
+	for(size_t i = 0; i < 5; i++) nn_destroyComponentType(fstype[i]);
 	// rip the universe
 	nn_destroyUniverse(u);
 	return 0;

rewrite/neonucleus.c

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
 // we need the header.
 #include "neonucleus.h"
 
+// to use the numerical accuracy better
+#define NN_COMPONENT_CALLBUDGET 10000
+
 #ifdef NN_ATOMIC_NONE
 typedef size_t nn_refc_t;
 
@@ -41,25 +44,6 @@ bool nn_decRef(nn_refc_t *refc) {
 }
 #endif
 
-// Based off https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5919996/how-to-detect-reliably-mac-os-x-ios-linux-windows-in-c-preprocessor
-#if defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(__NT__)
-   //define something for Windows (32-bit and 64-bit, this part is common)
-	#define NN_WINDOWS
-#elif __APPLE__
-    #define NN_MACOS
-#elif __linux__
-    #define NN_LINUX
-#endif
-
-#if __unix__ // all unices not caught above
-    // Unix
-    #define NN_UNIX
-    #define NN_POSIX
-#elif defined(_POSIX_VERSION)
-    // POSIX
-    #define NN_POSIX
-#endif
-
 typedef struct nn_Lock nn_Lock;
 
 // the special includes
@@ -328,6 +312,43 @@ void nn_crc32ChecksumBytes(unsigned int checksum, char out[8]) {
 	}
 }
 
+bool nn_simplifyPath(const char original[NN_MAX_PATH], char simplified[NN_MAX_PATH]) {
+	// pass 1: check for valid characters, and \ becomes /
+	for(size_t i = 0; true; i++) {
+		if(original[i] == '\\') simplified[i] = '/';
+		else simplified[i] = original[i];
+		if(original[i] == '\0') break;
+	}
+	// get rid of //, starting / and ending /
+	{
+		while(simplified[0] == '/') {
+			for(size_t i = 1; true; i++) {
+				simplified[i-1] = simplified[i];
+				if(simplified[i] == '\0') break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		size_t j = 0;
+		for(size_t i = 0; simplified[i] != '\0'; i++) {
+			if(simplified[i] == '/' && simplified[i+1] == '/') {
+				// simply discard it
+				continue;
+			} else {
+				simplified[j] = simplified[i];
+				j++;
+			}
+		}
+		simplified[j] = '\0';
+		while(simplified[j-1] == '/') {
+			j--;
+			simplified[j] = '\0';
+		}
+	}
+	// TODO: handle ..
+	// valid
+	return true;
+}
+
 int nn_memcmp(const char *a, const char *b, size_t len) {
 	for(size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 		char c = a[i];
@@ -549,6 +570,7 @@ typedef struct nn_Component {
 	char *address;
 	nn_ComponentType *ctype;
 	int slot;
+	float budgetUsed;
 	void *userdata;
 	void *state;
 } nn_Component;
@@ -1024,6 +1046,7 @@ nn_Exit nn_tick(nn_Computer *computer) {
 		return NN_EBADSTATE;
 	}
 	nn_resetCallBudget(computer);
+	nn_resetComponentBudgets(computer);
 	computer->state = NN_RUNNING;
 	nn_ArchitectureRequest req;
 	req.computer = computer;
@@ -1031,8 +1054,6 @@ nn_Exit nn_tick(nn_Computer *computer) {
 	req.localState = computer->archState;
 	req.action = NN_ARCH_TICK;
 	err = computer->arch.handler(&req);
-	// dont crash on EBUSY because it just means go again
-	if(err == NN_EBUSY) return err;
 	if(err) {
 		computer->state = NN_CRASHED;
 		nn_setErrorFromExit(computer, err);
@@ -1284,7 +1305,7 @@ nn_Exit nn_call(nn_Computer *computer, const char *address, const char *method)
 		if(nn_strcmp(c.address, address) != 0) continue;
 
 		// minimum cost of a component call
-		nn_callCost(computer, 1);
+		if(computer->callBudget > 0) computer->callBudget--;
 		
 		nn_ComponentRequest req;
 		req.typeUserdata = c.ctype->userdata;
@@ -1340,10 +1361,32 @@ void nn_resetCallBudget(nn_Computer *computer) {
 }
 
 bool nn_componentsOverused(nn_Computer *computer) {
+	for(size_t i = 0; i < computer->componentLen; i++) {
+		if(computer->components[i].budgetUsed >= NN_COMPONENT_CALLBUDGET) return true;
+	}
 	if(computer->totalCallBudget == 0) return false;
 	return computer->callBudget == 0;
 }
 
+void nn_resetComponentBudgets(nn_Computer *computer) {
+	for(size_t i = 0; i < computer->componentLen; i++) {
+		computer->components[i].budgetUsed = 0;
+	}
+}
+bool nn_costComponent(nn_Computer *computer, const char *address, double perTick) {
+	return nn_costComponentN(computer, address, 1, perTick);
+}
+
+bool nn_costComponentN(nn_Computer *computer, const char *address, double amount, double perTick) {
+	for(size_t i = 0; i < computer->componentLen; i++) {
+		nn_Component *c = &computer->components[i];
+		if(nn_strcmp(c->address, address) != 0) continue;
+		c->budgetUsed += (NN_COMPONENT_CALLBUDGET * amount) / perTick;
+		return c->budgetUsed >= NN_COMPONENT_CALLBUDGET;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
 bool nn_checkstack(nn_Computer *computer, size_t amount) {
 	return computer->stackSize + amount <= NN_MAX_STACK;
 }
@@ -1647,6 +1690,7 @@ typedef struct nn_EEPROM_state {
 	nn_Universe *universe;
 	nn_EEPROM eeprom;
 	void *userdata;
+	nn_EEPROMHandler *handler;
 } nn_EEPROM_state;
 
 typedef struct nn_VEEPROM_state {
@@ -1685,7 +1729,7 @@ nn_Exit nn_eeprom_handler(nn_ComponentRequest *req) {
 		return NN_OK;
 	case NN_COMP_DEINIT:
 		ereq.action = NN_EEPROM_DROP;
-		return state->eeprom.handler(&ereq);
+		return state->handler(&ereq);
 	case NN_COMP_ENABLED:
 		req->methodEnabled = true;
 		return NN_OK;
@@ -1698,19 +1742,20 @@ nn_Exit nn_eeprom_handler(nn_ComponentRequest *req) {
 		}
 		if(nn_strcmp(method, "isReadOnly") == 0) {
 			ereq.action = NN_EEPROM_ISREADONLY;
-			nn_Exit e = state->eeprom.handler(&ereq);
+			nn_Exit e = state->handler(&ereq);
 			if(e) return e;
 			req->returnCount = 1;
 			return nn_pushbool(computer, ereq.buflen != 0);
 		}
 		if(nn_strcmp(method, "getChecksum") == 0) {
+			nn_costComponent(computer, req->compAddress, 1);
 			// yup, on-stack.
 			// Perhaps in the future we'll make it heap-allocated.
 			char buf[state->eeprom.size];
 			ereq.action = NN_EEPROM_GET;
 			ereq.buf = buf;
 			ereq.buflen = state->eeprom.size;
-			nn_Exit e = state->eeprom.handler(&ereq);
+			nn_Exit e = state->handler(&ereq);
 			if(e) return e;
 			unsigned int chksum = nn_computeCRC32(buf, ereq.buflen);
 			char encoded[8];
@@ -1719,6 +1764,7 @@ nn_Exit nn_eeprom_handler(nn_ComponentRequest *req) {
 			return nn_pushlstring(computer, encoded, 8);
 		}
 		if(nn_strcmp(method, "makeReadonly") == 0) {
+			nn_costComponent(computer, req->compAddress, 1);
 			// 1st argument is a string, which is the checksum we're meant to have
 			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 1) {
 				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (string expected)");
@@ -1740,7 +1786,7 @@ nn_Exit nn_eeprom_handler(nn_ComponentRequest *req) {
 			ereq.action = NN_EEPROM_GET;
 			ereq.buf = buf;
 			ereq.buflen = state->eeprom.size;
-			nn_Exit e = state->eeprom.handler(&ereq);
+			nn_Exit e = state->handler(&ereq);
 			if(e) return e;
 			unsigned int chksum = nn_computeCRC32(buf, ereq.buflen);
 			char encoded[8];
@@ -1751,23 +1797,26 @@ nn_Exit nn_eeprom_handler(nn_ComponentRequest *req) {
 			}
 		
 			ereq.action = NN_EEPROM_MAKEREADONLY;
-			e = state->eeprom.handler(&ereq);
+			e = state->handler(&ereq);
 			if(e) return e;
 
 			req->returnCount = 1;
 			return nn_pushbool(computer, true);
 		}
 		if(nn_strcmp(method, "getLabel") == 0) {
+			nn_costComponent(computer, req->compAddress, 1);
 			char buf[NN_MAX_LABEL];
 			ereq.action = NN_EEPROM_GETLABEL;
 			ereq.buf = buf;
 			ereq.buflen = NN_MAX_LABEL;
-			nn_Exit e = state->eeprom.handler(&ereq);
+			nn_Exit e = state->handler(&ereq);
 			if(e) return e;
 			req->returnCount = 1;
+			if(ereq.buf == NULL) return nn_pushnull(computer);
 			return nn_pushlstring(computer, buf, ereq.buflen);
 		}
 		if(nn_strcmp(method, "setLabel") == 0) {
+			nn_costComponent(computer, req->compAddress, 1);
 			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 1) {
 				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (string expected)");
 				return NN_EBADCALL;
@@ -1784,46 +1833,50 @@ nn_Exit nn_eeprom_handler(nn_ComponentRequest *req) {
 			ereq.action = NN_EEPROM_SETLABEL;
 			ereq.buf = buf;
 			ereq.buflen = len;
-			nn_Exit e = state->eeprom.handler(&ereq);
+			nn_Exit e = state->handler(&ereq);
 			if(e) return e;
 			req->returnCount = 1;
 			return nn_pushlstring(computer, buf, ereq.buflen);
 		}
 		if(nn_strcmp(method, "get") == 0) {
+			nn_costComponent(computer, req->compAddress, 1);
 			// yup, on-stack.
 			// Perhaps in the future we'll make it heap-allocated.
 			char buf[state->eeprom.size];
 			ereq.action = NN_EEPROM_GET;
 			ereq.buf = buf;
 			ereq.buflen = state->eeprom.size;
-			nn_Exit e = state->eeprom.handler(&ereq);
+			nn_Exit e = state->handler(&ereq);
 			if(e) return e;
 			req->returnCount = 1;
 			return nn_pushlstring(computer, buf, ereq.buflen);
 		}
 		if(nn_strcmp(method, "getData") == 0) {
+			nn_costComponent(computer, req->compAddress, 1);
 			// yup, on-stack.
 			// Perhaps in the future we'll make it heap-allocated.
 			char buf[state->eeprom.dataSize];
 			ereq.action = NN_EEPROM_GETDATA;
 			ereq.buf = buf;
 			ereq.buflen = state->eeprom.dataSize;
-			nn_Exit e = state->eeprom.handler(&ereq);
+			nn_Exit e = state->handler(&ereq);
 			if(e) return e;
 			req->returnCount = 1;
 			return nn_pushlstring(computer, buf, ereq.buflen);
 		}
 		if(nn_strcmp(method, "getArchitecture") == 0) {
+			nn_costComponent(computer, req->compAddress, 1);
 			char buf[NN_MAX_ARCHNAME];
 			ereq.action = NN_EEPROM_GETARCH;
 			ereq.buf = buf;
 			ereq.buflen = NN_MAX_ARCHNAME;
-			nn_Exit e = state->eeprom.handler(&ereq);
+			nn_Exit e = state->handler(&ereq);
 			if(e) return e;
 			req->returnCount = 1;
 			return nn_pushlstring(computer, buf, ereq.buflen);
 		}
 		if(nn_strcmp(method, "set") == 0) {
+			nn_costComponent(computer, req->compAddress, 1);
 			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 1) {
 				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (string expected)");
 				return NN_EBADCALL;
@@ -1842,9 +1895,10 @@ nn_Exit nn_eeprom_handler(nn_ComponentRequest *req) {
 			// DO NOT MODIFY IT!!!!
 			ereq.buf = (char*)s;
 			ereq.buflen = len;
-			return state->eeprom.handler(&ereq);
+			return state->handler(&ereq);
 		}
 		if(nn_strcmp(method, "setData") == 0) {
+			nn_costComponent(computer, req->compAddress, 1);
 			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 1) {
 				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (string expected)");
 				return NN_EBADCALL;
@@ -1863,9 +1917,10 @@ nn_Exit nn_eeprom_handler(nn_ComponentRequest *req) {
 			// DO NOT MODIFY IT!!!!
 			ereq.buf = (char*)s;
 			ereq.buflen = len;
-			return state->eeprom.handler(&ereq);
+			return state->handler(&ereq);
 		}
 		if(nn_strcmp(method, "setArchitecture") == 0) {
+			nn_costComponent(computer, req->compAddress, 1);
 			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 1) {
 				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (string expected)");
 				return NN_EBADCALL;
@@ -1884,20 +1939,30 @@ nn_Exit nn_eeprom_handler(nn_ComponentRequest *req) {
 			// DO NOT MODIFY IT!!!!
 			ereq.buf = (char*)s;
 			ereq.buflen = len;
-			return state->eeprom.handler(&ereq);
+			return state->handler(&ereq);
 		}
 		return NN_OK;
 	}
 	return NN_OK;
 }
 
-nn_ComponentType *nn_createEEPROM(nn_Universe *universe, const nn_EEPROM *eeprom, void *userdata) {
+nn_EEPROM nn_defaultEEPROM = (nn_EEPROM) {
+	.size = 4 * NN_KiB,
+	.dataSize = 256,
+	.readEnergyCost = 10,
+	.writeEnergyCost = 100,
+	.readDataEnergyCost = 10,
+	.writeDataEnergyCost = 50,
+};
+
+nn_ComponentType *nn_createEEPROM(nn_Universe *universe, const nn_EEPROM *eeprom, nn_EEPROMHandler *handler, void *userdata) {
 	nn_Context ctx = universe->ctx;
 	nn_EEPROM_state *state = nn_alloc(&ctx, sizeof(*state));
 	if(state == NULL) return NULL;
 	state->universe = universe;
 	state->eeprom = *eeprom;
 	state->userdata = userdata;
+	state->handler = handler;
 	const nn_Method methods[] = {
 		{"getSize", "function(): number - Get the storage capacity of the EEPROM.", NN_DIRECT},
 		{"getDataSize", "function(): number - Get the storage capacity of the EEPROM data.", NN_DIRECT},
@@ -2006,9 +2071,7 @@ nn_ComponentType *nn_createVEEPROM(nn_Universe *universe, const nn_EEPROM *eepro
 	state->archlen = archlen;
 	nn_memcpy(state->arch, vmem->arch, sizeof(char) * archlen);
 
-	nn_EEPROM neeprom = *eeprom;
-	neeprom.handler = nn_veeprom_handler;
-	nn_ComponentType *ty = nn_createEEPROM(universe, &neeprom, state);
+	nn_ComponentType *ty = nn_createEEPROM(universe, eeprom, nn_veeprom_handler, state);
 	if(ty == NULL) goto fail;
 	return ty;
 fail:;
@@ -2018,3 +2081,395 @@ fail:;
 	 nn_free(&ctx, state, sizeof(*state));
 	 return NULL;
 }
+
+typedef struct nn_Filesystem_state {
+	nn_Universe *universe;
+	void *userdata;
+	nn_FilesystemHandler *handler;
+	nn_Filesystem fs;
+} nn_Filesystem_state;
+
+nn_Filesystem nn_defaultFilesystems[4] = {
+	(nn_Filesystem) {
+		.spaceTotal = 1 * NN_MiB,
+		.readsPerTick = 4,
+		.writesPerTick = 2,
+		.dataEnergyCost = 256.0 / NN_MiB,
+	},
+	(nn_Filesystem) {
+		.spaceTotal = 2 * NN_MiB,
+		.readsPerTick = 4,
+		.writesPerTick = 2,
+		.dataEnergyCost = 512.0 / NN_MiB,
+	},
+	(nn_Filesystem) {
+		.spaceTotal = 4 * NN_MiB,
+		.readsPerTick = 7,
+		.writesPerTick = 3,
+		.dataEnergyCost = 1024.0 / NN_MiB,
+	},
+	(nn_Filesystem) {
+		.spaceTotal = 8 * NN_MiB,
+		.readsPerTick = 13,
+		.writesPerTick = 5,
+		.dataEnergyCost = 2048.0 / NN_MiB,
+	},
+};
+
+
+nn_Filesystem nn_defaultFloppy = (nn_Filesystem) {
+	.spaceTotal = 512 * NN_KiB,
+	.readsPerTick = 1,
+	.writesPerTick = 1,
+	.dataEnergyCost = 8.0 / NN_MiB,
+};
+
+nn_Exit nn_filesystem_handler(nn_ComponentRequest *req) {
+	nn_Filesystem_state *state = req->typeUserdata;
+	void *instance = req->compUserdata;
+	// NULL for FREETYPE
+	nn_Computer *computer = req->computer;
+	nn_Context ctx = state->universe->ctx;
+
+	nn_FilesystemRequest fsreq;
+	fsreq.userdata = state->userdata;
+	fsreq.instance = instance;
+	fsreq.computer = computer;
+	fsreq.fsConf = &state->fs;
+
+	const char *method = req->methodCalled;
+	nn_Exit err;
+
+	switch(req->action) {
+	case NN_COMP_FREETYPE:
+		nn_free(&ctx, state, sizeof(*state));
+		break;
+	case NN_COMP_INIT:
+		return NN_OK;
+	case NN_COMP_DEINIT:
+		fsreq.action = NN_FS_DROP;
+		return state->handler(&fsreq);
+	case NN_COMP_ENABLED:
+		req->methodEnabled = true;
+		return NN_OK;
+	case NN_COMP_CALL:
+		if(nn_strcmp(method, "spaceTotal") == 0) {
+			req->returnCount = 1;
+			return nn_pushnumber(computer, state->fs.spaceTotal);
+		}
+		if(nn_strcmp(method, "spaceUsed") == 0) {
+			fsreq.action = NN_FS_SPACEUSED;
+			err = state->handler(&fsreq);
+			if(err) return err;
+			req->returnCount = 1;
+			return nn_pushnumber(computer, fsreq.size);
+		}
+		if(nn_strcmp(method, "isReadOnly") == 0) {
+			fsreq.action = NN_FS_ISREADONLY;
+			err = state->handler(&fsreq);
+			if(err) return err;
+			req->returnCount = 1;
+			return nn_pushbool(computer, fsreq.size != 0);
+		}
+		if(nn_strcmp(method, "getLabel") == 0) {
+			char buf[NN_MAX_LABEL];
+			fsreq.action = NN_FS_GETLABEL;
+			fsreq.strarg1 = buf;
+			fsreq.strarg1len = NN_MAX_LABEL;
+			err = state->handler(&fsreq);
+			if(err) return err;
+			req->returnCount = 1;
+			if(fsreq.strarg1 == NULL) return nn_pushnull(computer);
+			return nn_pushlstring(computer, buf, fsreq.strarg1len);
+		}
+		if(nn_strcmp(method, "setLabel") == 0) {
+			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 1) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (string expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			if(!nn_isstring(computer, 0)) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (string expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			fsreq.action = NN_FS_SETLABEL;
+			// DO NOT MODIFY THE BUFFER!!!
+			fsreq.strarg1 = (char *)nn_tolstring(computer, 0, &fsreq.strarg1len);
+			err = state->handler(&fsreq);
+			if(err) return err;
+			req->returnCount = 1;
+			if(fsreq.strarg1 == NULL) return nn_pushnull(computer);
+			return nn_pushlstring(computer, fsreq.strarg1, fsreq.strarg1len);
+		}
+		if(nn_strcmp(method, "open") == 0) {
+			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 1) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (string expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			if(!nn_isstring(computer, 0)) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (string expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 2) {
+				err = nn_pushstring(computer, "r");
+				if(err) return err;
+			}
+			if(!nn_isstring(computer, 1)) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #2 (string expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			size_t pathlen;
+			const char *path = nn_tolstring(computer, 0, &pathlen);
+			if(pathlen >= NN_MAX_PATH) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "path too long");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			char truepath[NN_MAX_PATH];
+			nn_simplifyPath(path, truepath);
+			size_t modelen;
+			const char *mode = nn_tolstring(computer, 1, &modelen);
+			fsreq.action = NN_FS_OPEN;
+			fsreq.strarg1 = truepath;
+			fsreq.strarg1len = nn_strlen(truepath);
+			fsreq.strarg2 = (char *)mode;
+			fsreq.strarg2len = modelen;
+
+			err = state->handler(&fsreq);
+			if(err) return err;
+			req->returnCount = 1;
+			return nn_pushnumber(computer, fsreq.fd);
+		}
+		if(nn_strcmp(method, "close") == 0) {
+			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 1) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (integer expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			if(!nn_isnumber(computer, 0)) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (integer expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			fsreq.fd = nn_tonumber(computer, 0);
+			fsreq.action = NN_FS_CLOSE;
+			return state->handler(&fsreq);
+		}
+		if(nn_strcmp(method, "read") == 0) {
+			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 1) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (integer expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			if(!nn_isnumber(computer, 0)) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (integer expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 2) {
+				err = nn_pushnumber(computer, NN_MAX_READ);
+				if(err) return err;
+			}
+			if(!nn_isnumber(computer, 1)) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #2 (integer expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			fsreq.action = NN_FS_READ;
+			fsreq.fd = nn_tonumber(computer, 0);
+			size_t requested = nn_tonumber(computer, 1);
+			if(requested > NN_MAX_READ) requested = NN_MAX_READ;
+			char buf[requested];
+			fsreq.strarg1 = buf;
+			fsreq.strarg1len = requested;
+			err = state->handler(&fsreq);
+			if(err) return err;
+			req->returnCount = 1;
+			if(fsreq.strarg1 == NULL) return nn_pushnull(computer);
+			return nn_pushlstring(computer, fsreq.strarg1, fsreq.strarg1len);
+		}
+		if(nn_strcmp(method, "write") == 0) {
+			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 1) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (integer expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			if(!nn_isnumber(computer, 0)) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (integer expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 2) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #2 (string expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			if(!nn_isnumber(computer, 1)) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #2 (string expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			fsreq.action = NN_FS_WRITE;
+			fsreq.fd = nn_tonumber(computer, 0);
+			fsreq.strarg1 = (char *)nn_tolstring(computer, 1, &fsreq.strarg1len);
+			err = state->handler(&fsreq);
+			if(err) return err;
+			req->returnCount = 1;
+			return nn_pushbool(computer, true);
+		}
+		if(nn_strcmp(method, "seek") == 0) {
+			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 1) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (integer expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			if(!nn_isnumber(computer, 0)) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (integer expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 2) {
+				err = nn_pushstring(computer, "cur");
+				if(err) return err;
+			}
+			if(!nn_isstring(computer, 1)) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #2 (string expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 2) {
+				err = nn_pushnumber(computer, 0);
+				if(err) return err;
+			}
+			if(!nn_isnumber(computer, 2)) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #2 (string expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			fsreq.action = NN_FS_SEEK;
+			fsreq.fd = nn_tonumber(computer, 0);
+			const char *whence = nn_tostring(computer, 1);
+			fsreq.off = nn_tonumber(computer, 2);
+
+			if(nn_strcmp(whence, "set") == 0) {
+				fsreq.whence = NN_SEEK_SET;
+			} else if(nn_strcmp(whence, "cur") == 0) {
+				fsreq.whence = NN_SEEK_CUR;
+			} else if(nn_strcmp(whence, "end") == 0) {
+				fsreq.whence = NN_SEEK_END;
+			} else {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad seek whence");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			err = state->handler(&fsreq);
+			return nn_pushnumber(computer, fsreq.off);
+		}
+		if(nn_strcmp(method, "list") == 0) {
+			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 1) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (string expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			if(!nn_isstring(computer, 0)) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (string expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			char truepath[NN_MAX_PATH];
+			size_t pathlen;
+			const char *path = nn_tolstring(computer, 0, &pathlen);
+			if(pathlen >= NN_MAX_PATH) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "path too long");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			nn_simplifyPath(path, truepath);
+			int dirfd;
+			fsreq.action = NN_FS_OPENDIR;
+			fsreq.strarg1 = truepath;
+			fsreq.strarg1len = nn_strlen(truepath);
+			err = state->handler(&fsreq);
+			if(err) return err;
+			dirfd = fsreq.fd;
+
+			// this sucks hard
+			size_t entryCount = 0;
+			while(1) {
+				char entry[NN_MAX_PATH];
+				fsreq.action = NN_FS_READDIR;
+				fsreq.fd = dirfd;
+				fsreq.strarg1 = entry;
+				fsreq.strarg1len = NN_MAX_PATH;
+
+				err = state->handler(&fsreq);
+				if(err) goto list_fail;
+				if(fsreq.strarg1 == NULL) break;
+
+				if(fsreq.strarg1len == 1 && entry[0] == '.') continue;
+				if(fsreq.strarg1len == 2 && entry[0] == '.' && entry[1] == '.') continue;
+
+				err = nn_pushlstring(computer, entry, fsreq.strarg1len);
+				if(err) goto list_fail;
+				entryCount++;
+			}
+			err = nn_pusharraytable(computer, entryCount);
+			if(err) goto list_fail;
+			req->returnCount = 1;
+			fsreq.action = NN_FS_CLOSEDIR;
+			fsreq.fd = dirfd;
+			state->handler(&fsreq);
+			return NN_OK;
+		list_fail:
+			fsreq.action = NN_FS_CLOSEDIR;
+			fsreq.fd = dirfd;
+			state->handler(&fsreq);
+			return err;
+		}
+		if(nn_strcmp(method, "exists") == 0) {
+			if(nn_getstacksize(computer) < 1) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (string expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			if(!nn_isstring(computer, 0)) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "bad argument #1 (string expected)");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			char truepath[NN_MAX_PATH];
+			size_t pathlen;
+			const char *path = nn_tolstring(computer, 0, &pathlen);
+			if(pathlen >= NN_MAX_PATH) {
+				nn_setError(computer, "path too long");
+				return NN_EBADCALL;
+			}
+			nn_simplifyPath(path, truepath);
+
+			fsreq.action = NN_FS_EXISTS;
+			fsreq.strarg1 = truepath;
+			fsreq.strarg1len = nn_strlen(truepath);
+			err = state->handler(&fsreq);
+			if(err) return err;
+			req->returnCount = 1;
+			return nn_pushbool(computer, fsreq.size != 0);
+		}
+	}
+	return NN_OK;
+}
+
+nn_ComponentType *nn_createFilesystem(nn_Universe *universe, const nn_Filesystem *filesystem, nn_FilesystemHandler *handler, void *userdata) {
+	nn_Context ctx = universe->ctx;
+	nn_Filesystem_state *state = nn_alloc(&ctx, sizeof(*state));
+	if(state == NULL) return NULL;
+	state->universe = universe;
+	state->userdata = userdata;
+	state->handler = handler;
+	state->fs = *filesystem;
+	const nn_Method methods[] = {
+		{"spaceTotal", "function(): number - Get the storage capacity of the filesystem.", NN_DIRECT},
+		{"spaceUsed", "function(): number - Get the space used by the files on the drive.", NN_DIRECT},
+		{"isReadOnly", "function(): boolean - Returns whether the drive is read-only.", NN_DIRECT},
+		{"getLabel", "function(): string - Get the filesystem label.", NN_INDIRECT},
+		{"setLabel", "function(label: string): string - Set the filesystem label and return what was actually set, which may be truncated.", NN_INDIRECT},
+		{"open", "function(path: string, mode?: string = 'r'): number - Open a file. Valid modes are 'r' (read-only), 'w' (write-only) and 'a' (append-only).", NN_INDIRECT},
+		{"close", "function(fd: number) - Closes a file.", NN_INDIRECT},
+		{"read", "function(fd: number, count?: number): string? - Reads part of a file. If there is no more data, nothing is returned.", NN_INDIRECT},
+		{"write", "function(fd: number, data: string): boolean - Writes the data to a file. Returns true on success.", NN_INDIRECT},
+		{"seek", "function(fd: number, whence: string, offset: number): number - Seeks a file. Valid whences are 'set' (relative to start), 'cur' (relative to current), 'end' (relative to EoF, backwards). Returns the new position.", NN_INDIRECT},
+		{"list", "function(path: string): string[] - Returns the names of the entries inside of the directory. Directories get a / appended to their names.", NN_INDIRECT},
+		{"exists", "function(path: string): boolean - Checks if there exists an entry at the specified path.", NN_INDIRECT},
+		{"size", "function(path: string) - Gets the size of the entry at the specified path.", NN_INDIRECT},
+		{"remove", "function(path: string): boolean - Removes the entry at the specified path.", NN_INDIRECT},
+		{"rename", "function(from: string, to: string): boolean - Renames or moves an entry to a new location.", NN_INDIRECT},
+		{"isDirectory", "function(path: string): boolean - Checks if the entry at the specified path is a directory.", NN_INDIRECT},
+		{"lastModified", "function(path: string): number - Returns the UNIX timestamp of the time the entry was last modified. This is stored in milliseconds, but is always a multiple of 1000.", NN_INDIRECT},
+		{"makeDirectory", "function(path: string): boolean - Creates a directory. Creates parent directories if necessary.", NN_INDIRECT},
+		{NULL, NULL, NN_INDIRECT},
+	};
+	nn_ComponentType *t = nn_createComponentType(universe, "filesystem", state, methods, nn_filesystem_handler);
+	if(t == NULL) {
+		nn_free(&ctx, state, sizeof(*state));
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return t;
+}

rewrite/neonucleus.h

@@ -5,6 +5,27 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
+// Platform checking support, to help out users.
+// Used internally as well.
+// Based off https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5919996/how-to-detect-reliably-mac-os-x-ios-linux-windows-in-c-preprocessor
+#if defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(__NT__)
+   //define something for Windows (32-bit and 64-bit, this part is common)
+	#define NN_WINDOWS
+#elif __APPLE__
+    #define NN_MACOS
+#elif __linux__
+    #define NN_LINUX
+#endif
+
+#if __unix__ // all unices not caught above
+    // Unix
+    #define NN_UNIX
+    #define NN_POSIX
+#elif defined(_POSIX_VERSION)
+    // POSIX
+    #define NN_POSIX
+#endif
+
 // every C standard header we depend on, conveniently put here
 #include <stddef.h> // for NULL,
 #include <stdint.h> // for intptr_t
@@ -25,7 +46,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #define NN_ALLOC_ALIGN 16
 // the maximum amount of items the callstack can have.
 #define NN_MAX_STACK 256
-// the maximum size a path is allowed to have
+// the maximum size a path is allowed to have, including the NULL terminator!
 #define NN_MAX_PATH 256
 // the maximum amount of bytes which can be read from a file.
 // You are given a buffer you are meant to fill at least partially, this is simply the limit of that buffer's size.
@@ -206,8 +227,6 @@ typedef enum nn_Exit {
 	NN_EBADCALL,
 	// bad state, the function was called at the wrong time
 	NN_EBADSTATE,
-	// resource busy. If the result of nn_call, you should call it again later.
-	NN_EBUSY,
 } nn_Exit;
 
 // This stores necessary data between computers
@@ -369,6 +388,7 @@ void nn_setComputerState(nn_Computer *computer, nn_ComputerState state);
 nn_ComputerState nn_getComputerState(nn_Computer *computer);
 
 // runs a tick of the computer. Make sure to check the state as well!
+// This automatically resets the component budgets and call budget.
 nn_Exit nn_tick(nn_Computer *computer);
 
 typedef struct nn_DeviceInfoEntry {
@@ -493,10 +513,6 @@ void nn_setCallBudget(nn_Computer *computer, size_t budget);
 // gets the total call budget
 size_t nn_getCallBudget(nn_Computer *computer);
 
-// subtracts from the call budget.
-// This cannot underflow, it's clamped to 0.
-void nn_callCost(nn_Computer *computer, size_t callIntensity);
-
 // returns the remaining call budget
 size_t nn_callBudgetRemaining(nn_Computer *computer);
 
@@ -507,6 +523,19 @@ void nn_resetCallBudget(nn_Computer *computer);
 // At this point, the architecture should exit with a yield.
 bool nn_componentsOverused(nn_Computer *computer);
 
+void nn_resetComponentBudgets(nn_Computer *computer);
+
+// Uses 1/perTick to the component budget.
+// Upon a full component budget being used for that component, it returns true.
+// nn_componentsOverused() will also return true.
+// This indicates the architecture should yield, to throttle the computer for overuse.
+bool nn_costComponent(nn_Computer *computer, const char *address, double perTick);
+// Uses amount/perTick to the component budget.
+// Upon a full component budget being used for that component, it returns true.
+// nn_componentsOverused() will also return true.
+// This indicates the architecture should yield, to throttle the computer for overuse.
+bool nn_costComponentN(nn_Computer *computer, const char *address, double amount, double perTick);
+
 // call stack operations.
 // The type system and API are inspired by Lua, as Lua remains the most popular architecture for OpenComputers.
 // This does support other languages, however it may make some APIs clunky due to the usage of tables and 1-based indexing.
@@ -664,30 +693,24 @@ typedef struct nn_EEPROMRequest {
 	char *buf;
 } nn_EEPROMRequest;
 
+// reads and writes are always 1/1
 typedef struct nn_EEPROM {
 	// the maximum capacity of the EEPROM
 	size_t size;
 	// the maximum capacity of the EEPROM's associated data
 	size_t dataSize;
-	// the call cost of reading an EEPROM
-	size_t readCallCost;
 	// the energy cost of reading an EEPROM
 	double readEnergyCost;
-	// the call cost of reading an EEPROM's associated data
-	size_t readDataCallCost;
 	// the energy cost of reading an EEPROM's associated data
 	double readDataEnergyCost;
-	// the call cost of writing to an EEPROM
-	size_t writeCallCost;
 	// the energy cost of writing to an EEPROM
 	double writeEnergyCost;
-	// the call cost of writing to an EEPROM's associated data
-	size_t writeDataCallCost;
 	// the energy cost of writing to an EEPROM's associated data
 	double writeDataEnergyCost;
-	nn_Exit (*handler)(nn_EEPROMRequest *request);
 } nn_EEPROM;
 
+extern nn_EEPROM nn_defaultEEPROM;
+
 typedef struct nn_VEEPROM {
 	const char *code;
 	size_t codelen;
@@ -699,9 +722,11 @@ typedef struct nn_VEEPROM {
 	bool isReadonly;
 } nn_VEEPROM;
 
+typedef nn_Exit nn_EEPROMHandler(nn_EEPROMRequest *request);
+
 // the userdata passed to the component is the userdata
 // in the handler
-nn_ComponentType *nn_createEEPROM(nn_Universe *universe, const nn_EEPROM *eeprom, void *userdata);
+nn_ComponentType *nn_createEEPROM(nn_Universe *universe, const nn_EEPROM *eeprom, nn_EEPROMHandler *handler, void *userdata);
 nn_ComponentType *nn_createVEEPROM(nn_Universe *universe, const nn_EEPROM *eeprom, const nn_VEEPROM *vmem);
 
 // Note on paths:
@@ -751,13 +776,14 @@ typedef enum nn_FilesystemAction {
 	// The entry should be stored in strarg2, and strarg2len is the capacity of the buffer.
 	// If the buffer is too short, truncate the result.
 	// Set strarg2len to the length of the entry.
+	// If there are no more entries, set strarg2 to NULL.
 	// Do note that directories should have / appended at the end of their entries.
-	// Directory file descriptors are not exposed to Lua,
+	// Directory file descriptors are not exposed to the architecture,
 	// thus they can only come from NN_FS_OPENDIR.
 	// This means you may not need to validate these file descriptors.
 	NN_FS_READDIR,
 	// close a directory file descriptor, stored in fd.
-	// Directory file descriptors are not exposed to Lua,
+	// Directory file descriptors are not exposed to the architecture,
 	// thus they can only come from NN_FS_OPENDIR.
 	// This means you may not need to validate these file descriptors.
 	NN_FS_CLOSEDIR,
@@ -767,11 +793,12 @@ typedef enum nn_FilesystemAction {
 	// as needed.
 	NN_FS_MKDIR,
 	// Return the lastmodified timestamp.
-	// This number is stored in milliseconds, but aligned to seconds.
-	// DO NOT RETURN A NUMBER NOT DIVISIBLE BY 1000, OpenOS WILL BREAK
-	// DUE TO BAD CODE.
+	// This number is stored in seconds.
 	// The timestamp should be stored in size, it may not make
 	// sense but it is a field and it is there.
+	// Do note that the lastModified() method returns it in milliseconds,
+	// however it must be a multiple of 1000 due to OpenOS depending
+	// on that behavior.
 	NN_FS_LASTMODIFIED,
 	// Checks if a path, stored in strarg1, is a directory.
 	// If it is, size should be set to 1.
@@ -781,8 +808,6 @@ typedef enum nn_FilesystemAction {
 	// If it is, size should be set to 1.
 	// If it is not, size should be set to 0.
 	NN_FS_ISREADONLY,
-	// Makes a file-system read-only.
-	NN_FS_MAKEREADONLY,
 	// Checks if a path, stored in strarg1, exists on the filesystem.
 	// If it is, size should be set to 1.
 	// If it is not, size should be set to 0.
@@ -824,6 +849,7 @@ typedef struct nn_FilesystemRequest {
 	void *userdata;
 	void *instance;
 	nn_Computer *computer;
+	struct nn_Filesystem *fsConf;
 	nn_FilesystemAction action;
 	int fd;
 	nn_FilesystemWhence whence;
@@ -835,6 +861,33 @@ typedef struct nn_FilesystemRequest {
 	size_t size;
 } nn_FilesystemRequest;
 
+typedef struct nn_Filesystem {
+	// the maximum capacity of the filesystem
+	size_t spaceTotal;
+	// how many read calls can be done per tick
+	// list, exists, isDirectory, seek also count as reads.
+	double readsPerTick;
+	// how many write calls can be done per tick
+	// makeDirectory, open, remove and rename also count as writes.
+	double writesPerTick;
+	// The energy cost of an actual read/write.
+	// It is per-byte, so if a read returns 4096 bytes, then this cost is multiplied by 4096.
+	double dataEnergyCost;
+} nn_Filesystem;
+
+// 4 Tiers.
+// 0 - Tier 1 equivalent
+// 1 - Tier 2 equivalent
+// 2 - Tier 3 equivalent
+// 3 - Tier 4, a better version of Tier 3.
+extern nn_Filesystem nn_defaultFilesystems[4];
+// a basic floppy
+extern nn_Filesystem nn_defaultFloppy;
+
+typedef nn_Exit nn_FilesystemHandler(nn_FilesystemRequest *request);
+
+nn_ComponentType *nn_createFilesystem(nn_Universe *universe, const nn_Filesystem *filesystem, nn_FilesystemHandler *handler, void *userdata);
+
 typedef enum nn_ScreenAction {
 	// instance dropped
 	NN_SCR_DROP,